Section snippets Background about 3D printing concrete. Construction industry exerts a significant influence on the environment. It accounts for over 36 % of global energy consumption, discharges 39 % of global greenhouse gas emissions, uses 12 % of global potable water, and generates over 40 % of solid waste, which is a crucial issue in developed countries [1].
The conventional construction method had higher impacts when compared to the 3D-printing method with global warming potential of 1154.20 and 608.55 kg CO2 eq, non-carcinogenic toxicity 675.10 and The urgency of climate change has highlighted the need for sustainable road construction materials, replacing the conventional asphalt, which significantly contributes to global warming and the urban heat island effect. With this in mind, the construction of the world’s first 30-m plastic road in Zwolle, Netherlands, in 2018, opened the door for novel plastic applications as paving materials On the other hand, the use of life cycle assessment tools demonstrated the environmental advantage of distributed recycling network to process post-consumer goods into 3D printing feedstock because of lower embodied energy than both virgin and conventionally recycled materials (Baechler et al., 2013; Kreiger et al., 2013, 2014; Kreiger and